Review: The object of this research is the political communication in the context of information space changes; while the subject is the personal freedom that can be realized in discussion. The goal of this work lies in comprehending the nature of personal freedom in political communication. The author reveals the social and ethical grounds of freedom as the basic values of relationship; gives phenomenological description of freedom in political communications; determines the terms for implementing communication freedom in the modern society; analyzes the external and internal freedom; considers the link correlation between communication system and power relations. For explication of freedom, the author refers to the communicative-activity approach, concept of positive and negative freedom of I. Berlin, and pragmatic interpretation of freedom by H. Arendt. It is revealed that the limitations of freedom are enrooted in media environment, which is characterized by the panoptic nature of human presence, ambiguity of ethical standards regarding the use of personal data. The conclusion is made that political communication is the factor of the establishment of subjectivity. The scientific novelty lies in application of the pragmatic concept of Hanna Arendt in interpretation of the current process of interaction in media environment.

Keywords: Hannah Arendt, Roger Berkowitz, morality, power, subject, discourse, political communication, freedom, Isaiah Berlin, rationality

Review: The subject of this research is the modern historical epistemology. It is a new, but solidly established direction in studying the origin and evolution of scientific knowledge, characterized by application of the historical approach towards epistemological issues. The article outlines the basic subject fields of research interest of the representatives of historical epistemology, reconstructs the genesis of this discipline, suggests possible substantiations of this event, draws parallels between the historical epistemology and cultural anthropology, as well as demonstrates the relevance and demand of the historical epistemology among the theoreticians of scientific cognition. In methodological aspect, the author looks beyond the traditional correspondence of the historical epistemology with other disciplines dedicated to the study of science (history of epistemology, history and philosophy of science) and aimed at determination of the subject field of historical epistemology that are often reduce to the doubts regarding the need for its existence. On the contrary, the goals and orientations of historical epistemology are viewed in a broad culturological context concerning their congruity with the general sociocultural and worldview trends of modernity (multiculturalism, Interdisiplinarity, tolerance, etc.). The scientific novelty consists in discovering potential of the historical epistemology to alternative solution of the traditional scientific tasks; similarity with other social disciplines, which opens opportunities for future interdisciplinary studies; as well is correspondence of the historical epistemology to the general trends of modernity that allows viewing it as a laboratory for the development of the new humanistic, culturological and sociological strategies.

Keywords: historical a priori, value, contemporaneity, cultural anthropology, scientific practice, historicism, historical epistemology, contingency, objectivity, crisis in epistemology

Review: The subject of this research is the problem of ontological status of the freedom of will. Major attention is given to the question of the existence of metaphysical freedom of will. The author examines the impact upon solving the issue of the existence of metaphysical freedom of will produced by the gained currency in modern philosophy method of substantiation of the freedom of will, associated with understanding of the freedom of will as freedom essential for moral responsibility. An attempt is made to clarify is such method is capable of affecting the solution of the problem of ontological status of the freedom of will. It is suggested to use the strategy of the burden of proof in the context and with consideration of peculiarities inherent to the category of metaphysical freedom of will. The author formulates the basic principles and criteria that the coherent in theoretical-methodological aspect solution of this problem must correspond with. The article introduces the concepts of the objective realism, objective perspective of consideration of human, postponed in time perceptive from the first person perspective, and postponed in time facts. The significance of such characteristic of human as death is determined as peculiar for solution of the question of metaphysical freedom of will in theoretical-methodological regard. The author demonstrates the heuristic meaning of representation on the postponed in time facts for solution of the issue on the existence of soul and possible ways of understanding the moral responsibility; as well as indicates the possibility of using of the ontology of singular things as the alternative to physicalist ontology in solving this question. A conclusion is made that the perception of the existence of metaphysical freedom of will should not be considered as one that has lost its theoretical significance.

Keywords: ontology, concrete particulars, naturalism, realism, consciousness, responsibility, metaphysical free will, free will, metaphysics, physicalism